12/06 Bell Ringer (Mutations)

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.

Front

Why are insertion and deletion mutations harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence.

Front

What type of mutation is represented by the change from T-G-A-C-C-A to T-G-A-G-C-A?

Back

Substitution.

Front

What are the two types of mutations that can cause a frameshift?

Back

Insertions and Deletions.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message, often caused by insertions or deletions.

Front

What is the difference between a substitution mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation replaces one nucleotide with another, while a frameshift mutation alters the reading frame by adding or removing nucleotides.

Front

What is an example of a deletion mutation?

Back

Removing a nucleotide from the DNA sequence, such as changing ATTTGAGCC to ATTGAGCC.

Front

What is the impact of a frameshift mutation on protein synthesis?

Back

It can lead to a completely different amino acid sequence, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein.

Front

What is the role of codons in mutations?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids; mutations can change these codons and alter the resulting protein.

Front

How can mutations be beneficial?

Back

Some mutations can provide advantages, such as increased resistance to diseases or improved adaptation to environments.