Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the sequence of an mRNA molecule into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. It occurs at the ribosome.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus.

Front

Where does translation occur?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosome.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

How many amino acids are there?

Back

There are 20 standard amino acids.

Front

What is an mRNA sequence?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during translation.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the beginning of translation.