Translation SW

Front

What is a start codon?

Back

A start codon is a specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that signals the beginning of protein synthesis. The most common start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What happens during translation?

Back

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs. They facilitate the binding of mRNA and tRNA and catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of stop codons?

Back

Stop codons signal the termination of protein synthesis. They do not code for any amino acid and prompt the ribosome to release the completed polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.