AP Statistics Unit 3 Review

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What is a population in statistics?

Back

A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.

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What is a sample in statistics?

Back

A sample is a subset of the population that is used to represent the entire group.

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What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Back

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the features of a dataset, while inferential statistics use a random sample of data to make inferences about the population.

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What is a null hypothesis?

Back

A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it is the hypothesis that researchers aim to test.

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What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean if a result is statistically significant?

Back

A result is statistically significant if the p-value is less than the significance level (commonly 0.05), indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

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What is a confidence interval?

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A confidence interval is a range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter with a certain level of confidence.

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What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be normally distributed, regardless of the shape of the population distribution, as the sample size becomes large.

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What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

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What is a Type II error?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.