A&P I Final Exam Review

Front

What is the atomic number and how does it relate to electrons?

Back

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. For example, an atomic number of 12 means there are 12 electrons.

Front

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

Back

In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the red blood cell, causing it to shrink.

Front

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Back

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the Stratum basale, where new skin cells are generated.

Front

What are the special senses associated with the inner ear?

Back

The special senses associated with the inner ear are hearing and balance, also known as auditory and vestibular senses.

Front

What are cell membranes primarily composed of?

Back

Cell membranes are mostly made of phospholipids, which form a bilayer that is essential for membrane structure.

Front

Define hypertonic solution.

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to water moving out of cells placed in it.

Front

What is the function of the Stratum corneum?

Back

The Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier against environmental damage.

Front

Explain the role of phospholipids in cell membranes.

Back

Phospholipids form a bilayer in cell membranes, allowing for selective permeability and fluidity, essential for cell function.

Front

What is the significance of the Stratum granulosum?

Back

The Stratum granulosum is a layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes begin to die and keratin is produced, contributing to skin barrier function.

Front

What is the relationship between solute concentration and cell behavior?

Back

The concentration of solutes in a solution affects cell behavior; cells can shrink in hypertonic solutions and swell in hypotonic solutions.