Unit 2 Vocab Review

Front

What synthesizes short lengths of RNA?

Back

Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes short lengths of RNA during DNA replication.

Front

What creates a break in the phosphate backbone of DNA?

Back

Topoisomerase creates breaks in the phosphate backbone of DNA to relieve tension during replication.

Front

What is the phase of transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence?

Back

Initiation is the phase of transcription where RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence.

Front

What repair mechanism can repair thymine dimers?

Back

Nucleotide excision repair is the mechanism that can repair thymine dimers.

Front

What is a change in nucleotide sequence that changes the codon's amino acid?

Back

A missense mutation is a change in nucleotide sequence that alters the amino acid specified by the codon.

Front

What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase III?

Back

DNA polymerase III is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.

Front

What is the phase of transcription where RNA is elongated?

Back

Elongation is the phase of transcription where the RNA strand is extended.

Front

What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?

Back

A nonsense mutation results in a premature stop codon, leading to truncated proteins.

Front

What is the role of base excision repair?

Back

Base excision repair is a mechanism that corrects DNA damage by removing and replacing damaged bases.