Review AP Statistics

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of research where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It is used to identify correlations but cannot establish causation.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is an experimental study?

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An experimental study involves the manipulation of one or more variables to determine their effect on a response variable. It allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a blocking design in experiments?

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A blocking design is a method used in experiments where subjects are divided into groups (blocks) based on a certain characteristic (e.g., gender) to control for variability and improve the accuracy of the results.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the main advantage of experiments over observational studies?

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Experiments can usually provide better evidence of causation because they involve manipulation of variables and control over confounding factors.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a matched pairs design?

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A matched pairs design is an experimental design where subjects are paired based on similar characteristics, and each pair is assigned to different treatments. This helps control for variability between subjects.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a treatment in an experiment?

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A treatment is a specific condition or intervention applied to subjects in an experiment to observe its effect on a response variable.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a response variable?

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A response variable is the outcome or effect that is measured in an experiment to assess the impact of the treatment.

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What is random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment is the process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups to ensure that each group is similar and to eliminate bias.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is confounding in research?

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Confounding occurs when an outside variable influences both the independent and dependent variables, leading to a false association between them.

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What is a control group?

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A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to compare the effects of the treatment on the experimental group.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3