LS1.5 BIO1 Review

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

Back

Enzymes break down complex molecules into simpler ones, facilitating absorption in the digestive system.

Front

What does the term 'substrate' refer to in enzymatic reactions?

Back

The specific reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon.

Front

Explain the lock and key model of enzyme specificity.

Back

The lock and key model describes how an enzyme's active site (the 'lock') is specifically shaped to fit a particular substrate (the 'key').

Front

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

Back

The enzyme loses its specific shape and, therefore, its ability to function.

Front

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity?

Back

Initially, enzyme activity increases, but after a certain point, it levels off as all active sites become occupied.

Front

What is receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)?

Back

A type of membrane receptor that, when activated, can phosphorylate itself and trigger cellular responses.

Front

What is the significance of phosphorylation in cellular signaling?

Back

Phosphorylation can activate or deactivate proteins, thereby regulating various cellular processes.

Front

What is a nonfunctional RTK?

Back

An RTK that cannot bind to its signaling molecule or cannot perform its enzymatic function.

Front

What is catalase and its function?

Back

Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.