Earth Science Flashcard

Front

What is radioactive decay and how does it affect motion within Earth?

Back

Radioactive decay is a process that releases heat, causing the density of molten rock to decrease as it is heated. This results in the rock being pushed upward by denser material.

Front

What seismic wave phenomenon allows scientists to interpret the interior structure of Earth?

Back

Refraction of waves at structural boundaries helps scientists understand the Earth's interior.

Front

What type of boundary interaction created the Himalayan Mountain Range?

Back

The Himalayan Mountain Range is the result of a convergent boundary between two continental plates.

Front

Why is Earth tectonically active?

Back

Earth is tectonically active because its solid surface layer sits on a layer of semimolten rock that slowly flows.

Front

What is a p-wave in the context of earthquakes?

Back

A p-wave, or primary wave, is a compression wave that cannot travel through the Earth's liquid, molten core, stopping at the edge of the core.

Front

Define 'convergent boundary' in geology.

Back

A convergent boundary is where two tectonic plates move toward each other, often causing one plate to be forced beneath the other.

Front

What is the difference between p-waves and s-waves?

Back

P-waves are compression waves that can travel through solids and liquids, while S-waves are shear waves that can only travel through solids.

Front

Explain the concept of 'refraction of waves' in seismology.

Back

Refraction of waves occurs when seismic waves change speed and direction as they pass through different materials, providing insights into Earth's structure.

Front

What is the significance of the lithosphere in plate tectonics?

Back

The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, and is divided into tectonic plates that move and interact.

Front

What role does mantle convection play in plate tectonics?

Back

Mantle convection is the process of heat transfer in the mantle that drives the movement of tectonic plates on the Earth's surface.