Protein Synthesis and Mutations Flashcard

Front

What is a Frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when a single base is added or deleted in the DNA sequence, changing the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What are the 2 major steps in Protein Synthesis?

Back

The two major steps in protein synthesis are Transcription and Translation.

Front

What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are random errors in DNA that can be caused by external mutagens (like radiation) or internal processes (like DNA replication errors).

Front

True or False: Chromosomal mutations change the structure of a whole chromosome.

Back

True.

Front

What is a Point Mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single base pair in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is Transcription in Protein Synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is Translation in Protein Synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence.

Front

What are the roles of mRNA and tRNA in Protein Synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, while tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Front

What is a mutation's effect on an organism?

Back

Mutations can have various effects on an organism, ranging from no effect to beneficial or harmful changes.

Front

What is an example of an external mutagen?

Back

An example of an external mutagen is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.