Enlighentment Review

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In the mid-1500s, a big shift in scientific thinking caused the Scientific Revolution. At the heart of this movement was the idea that:

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Nature and the universe were governed by mathematical laws.

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What was a key aspect of the new scientific method that emerged during the Scientific Revolution and later impacted the Enlightenment?

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The use of observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning.

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In the context of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, what was the significance of discovering natural laws?

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They provided a framework for applying reason and science to societal issues.

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How did the tyranny of absolute monarchs influence the causes of the Enlightenment?

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It sparked a desire among intellectuals for political reforms and the establishment of constitutional limits on royal power.

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How did Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter, supporting the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, contribute to the Enlightenment?

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They provided real evidence that challenged traditional views and supported new scientific ideas.

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What was the main principle of laissez-faire economics, advocated by both physiocrats and Adam Smith?

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Limited government interference in business operations and economic activities.

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What kind of government did Rousseau favor to ensure greater freedom?

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a popularly elected government

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With which statement would Enlightenment thinker John Locke have agreed? Options: An enlightened absolute monarchy is the best way to ensure an orderly society., The Glorious Revolution violated the rights of the English people., People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights., Monarchy is necessary because people are naturally cruel and selfish.

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People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights.

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Among the French Enlightenment thinkers known as philosophes, which one is primarily associated with developing the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances within government? Options: Voltaire, known for his advocacy of religious tolerance and freedom of speech. Denis Diderot, who edited and contributed to the Encyclopédie, promoting knowledge and reason. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, famous for his social contract theory and ideas on direct democracy. Baron de Montesquieu, whose ideas influenced the structure of modern democratic systems.

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Baron de Montesquieu, whose ideas influenced the structure of modern democratic systems.

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According to Enlightenment thinkers, what were natural laws?

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Laws that governed all human actions and were discovered through human reason.