Which of the following actions best demonstrates a middle school leader monitoring instructional practices and student progress to ensure that all students are prepared for a challenging curriculum? Options: Offering a summer bridge program for underperforming seventh grade students entering eighth grade, Reviewing the performance of incoming sixth grade students on standardized tests, Evaluating the course grades of eighth grade students enrolled in an Algebra I course for high school credit, Comparing student performance on standardized tests to course grades to determine alignment of assessment.

Comparing student performance on standardized tests to course grades to determine alignment of assessment.

The Dean of Instruction of a 9th grade high school academy would like to monitor student progress for the grading period. Which of the following sources of data would best inform the dean of student progress? Student portfolios of work samples from previous and current marking periods. Benchmark scores from the previous and current marking periods. Anecdotal teacher notes. Report card grades for the marking period.

Student portfolios of work samples from previous and current marking periods.

What is a likely reason for the Dean of Instruction's concern regarding seventh-grade students earning perfect scores on their report cards? Options: The data may indicate that the students are not receiving rigorous curriculum and instruction. The math department’s performance may have misinterpreted the student data. The few students who did not receive perfect grades may be falling behind. The students are likely committing acts of academic dishonesty.

The data may indicate that the students are not receiving rigorous curriculum and instruction.

A school leader requests that teachers identify exemplary student work in PLCs and post the student work in their classrooms. The school leader regularly visits classrooms to view and evaluate the work that is posted. Why did the school leader make this request?

The school leader desires to be involved in analyzing student work.

To gather feedback from key stakeholders about the relationship between their opinions about the significance of education and the school’s vision and goals, which of these should a school leader do? Options: Develop a series of critical questions appropriate to this topic., Develop a few open-ended questions to stimulate discussions., Develop a school task force to interview all of the stakeholders., Develop a series of meetings wherein stakeholders discuss this.

Develop a series of critical questions appropriate to this topic.

What is the most accurate definition of a learning objective?

What educators expect students to be able to do via instruction

As part of an overall school reform initiative, a principal makes a plan to distribute leadership among educators and other stakeholders for implementing school goals. Which research findings exist to inform this decision?

School reform initiatives all share implicit distributed leadership in common.

Which of the following barriers would interfere the most with achieving a goal of increased student achievement in math? A shortage of calculators, A lack of community support, The adoption of a new math textbook, The unexpected resignation of a math teacher

The unexpected resignation of a math teacher

To create a culture of high expectations for students, some school leaders and teachers have instituted “no zeroes” grading policies wherein students received progressive interventions and new due dates to achieve at least 70% on assignments instead of 0% the first time. What best reflects student outcomes?

Far fewer students received F grades.

How can attending district school board meetings most help a school leader who is new to a school and community in both informing the leader and promoting leader willingness to change positions or beliefs about educational issues?

By discovering how diverse the new school district is

Which of the following things can school leaders do to give teachers a safe environment for expressing their ideas? Options: Giving critical feedback about unusual ideas they express, Scheduling regular, brief meeting times for original ideas, Taking care not to let teachers undermine their authority, Asking them how “safe” differs for teachers versus students

Scheduling regular, brief meeting times for original ideas

Which of these can school leaders appropriately do to prevent or eliminate racism and ensure cultural equality in their schools? They can advocate for diverse representation on the school board and for equitable policies. They should train their faculty in mediation and conflict resolution skills to settle disputes. They cannot do anything about minority student overrepresentation in special education. They can make official policies not tolerating racism that suffice without consequences.

They can advocate for diverse representation on the school board and for equitable policies.

Researchers for state education departments report that school leaders they surveyed found which of the following to be their most important role? Creating a supportive environment for teaching and learning., Supporting parent involvement in the education of students, Managing the school budget and procuring additional funds., Ensuring and maintaining safety and discipline in the school

Creating a supportive environment for teaching and learning.

To build a positive culture of learning and high expectations, school leaders can guide teachers to identify instructional activities that are aligned to the curriculum and have been proven to be effective. Which of the following is an indicator of effective implementation of instructional activities? Differentiated instruction, Increased student attendance, Flexible student grouping, Focused discussions and effective interaction between students.

Focused discussions and effective interaction between students.

Which of the following would provide the most valid indication of a culture of high expectations? - Setting campus goals above minimum standards - Hosting award ceremonies for high-achieving students - Recognizing the Teacher of the Year publicly - Holding regular community meetings to discuss school performance with stakeholders

Setting campus goals above minimum standards

In many public-school districts, students with certain linguistic and/or cultural backgrounds are disproportionately enrolled in special education programs. How can a school leader best address this type of overrepresentation? Options: Examine current school procedures for assigning grade levels to students, Examine instructional strategies targeting students referred to special education, Examine instruments used to evaluate student need for special education, Examine the curriculum and related expectations of student achievement

Examine instruments used to evaluate student need for special education

Among standards informing effective professional development (PD) for teachers, which is/are most characteristic of strong school leaders? Valuing ongoing learning, promoting continuous improvement, and inquiry, collaboration, and problem-solving; Realizing good PD’s value, promoting teacher participation, and communicating PD benefits to stakeholders; Human, financial, and temporal contributions; allocation coordination; and investment return assessments; Rigorous analysis of varied, disaggregated student data for proficiency standards, learning gaps, and results

Realizing good PD’s value, promoting teacher participation, and communicating PD benefits to stakeholders

Experts advise school leaders to create a clear vision for the best use of school-wide student achievement data and to communicate this vision. What else do they recommend for using these data?

School leaders should institute supports to develop a data-driven school culture.

To develop staff leadership skills that advance the school vision, which activities that school leaders can ask staff members to participate in fall into the category of helping staff increase their skill and knowledge bases? Options: Serve on school leadership teams, lead faculty study groups, help on school improvement projects, and lead curriculum planning committees. Help screen and interview job applicants, attend district meetings, work on less familiar projects, and help others work with challenging parents. Discuss reasons and ways that school leaders handled situations as opportunities to observe and reflect, and journal leader practice observations. Join and participate in professional organizations, mentor new employees, and present information to other members of the school staff.

Help screen and interview job applicants, attend district meetings, work on less familiar projects, and help others work with challenging parents.

Which of the following is a primary benefit of distributed leadership? Distributed leadership helps to maintain status quo, especially in high-performing schools., School leaders who practice distributive leadership are less stressed because they are able to delegate responsibilities., Practicing distributive leadership builds capacity in others and develops followers into leaders., Distributive leadership helps to identify weak team members that need to be replaced.

Practicing distributive leadership builds capacity in others and develops followers into leaders.

A principal forms and helps train a school vision oversight team before involving the whole faculty in developing a school vision statement. What best describes the primary purpose of this team?

To introduce the concept, engage faculty in writing a vision, and synthesize all their input.

What other question would apply when developing a new school vision after reviewing the current vision statement and school data?

What do we think our vision statement should reflect?

Research into achievement gaps in suburban schools known for excellence found which of the following about students from racial and ethnic minority groups? Black and Latino students spent less time on homework and completed homework less. Researchers attributed differences in grades and homework to motivation and effort. Asian students had higher grades and finished more homework by spending equal time. Researchers attributed grade and homework differences to skill and home support gaps.

Researchers attributed grade and homework differences to skill and home support gaps.

Which of the following actions best demonstrates that a principal makes decisions to improve instruction based on evidence from student data? Meeting with parents frequently during grading periods, Conducting meetings for Professional Learning Committees based on grade levels and subject areas, Requiring teachers to host tutorial sessions for students after the regular school day, Submitting reports to district office personnel after each grading period.

Conducting meetings for Professional Learning Committees based on grade levels and subject areas.

Which of the following is true regarding best practices for school leaders when giving teachers observational feedback? Options: Leaders should give feedback statements rather than asking questions., Leaders should disregard strengths to focus on improving weaknesses, Leaders should emphasize all identified areas for improvement equally., Leaders should include some specific next steps attainable for teachers

Leaders should include some specific next steps attainable for teachers

Which of the following should school principals primarily look for when observing teachers in classrooms for evaluation purposes? They should focus on what students want to learn rather than what they want them to learn. They should look for how comfortable the teacher is with the lesson content and method of delivery. They should look for evidence of learning such as student responses to checks for understanding and student work products. They should focus on physical classroom setups.

They should look for evidence of learning such as student responses to checks for understanding and student work products.

To evaluate teacher effectiveness in applying instructional strategies, school leaders need a working knowledge of student-centered, research-based teaching methods. What is most true about these? Options: The Socratic method is a useful, research-based strategy for delivering instruction. Project-based learning requires technology integration in order to be implemented effectively. Cooperative learning has been proven to be an effective, research-based instructional strategy. It is necessary for teachers to utilize technology to deliver instruction in order to be effective.

Cooperative learning has been proven to be an effective, research-based instructional strategy.

According to multiple research studies, what is a characteristic of school leaders related to evaluating teacher effectiveness?

The most effective school leaders are better at identifying the best and worst teachers on their staff.

A high school principal is concerned that ninth grade students who read below grade level are not performing well on benchmark tests in Reading and Writing. Which step should the principal take to best address this concern? Options: Provide test preparation sessions for these students after school and on weekends and monitor student attendance to the sessions. Integrate reading and writing skills into all subject areas and provide training to all teachers on fundamental reading strategies. Increase the opportunities that students have to spend in the school library. Purchase a reading software program that students can use at home.

Integrate reading and writing skills into all subject areas and provide training to all teachers on fundamental reading strategies.

What action should the school principal take to increase the frequency of classroom visits? Options: Make a commitment to visit classrooms every morning before the day gets too busy. Clear their schedule on a specific day of the week to dedicate to classroom visits. Plan out the classrooms that should be visited for the week and add them to the calendar with reminders. Carry classroom observation forms at all times and visit classrooms when an opportunity presents itself.

Plan out the classrooms that should be visited for the week and add them to the calendar with reminders.

What is the primary benefit of conducting teacher evaluations?

Evaluations can provide feedback to staff members so that they can grow professionally.

Which of the following actions best exemplifies a focus on school-wide rigorous curriculum and standards-based instruction? Options: Increase the number of advanced placement and dual credit courses offered on the master schedule. , Increase the number of students taking college entrance exams. , Evaluate campus-based assessments for alignment to the standards and curriculum and revise where appropriate. , Offer after-school tutorials for students who are falling behind.

Evaluate campus-based assessments for alignment to the standards and curriculum and revise where appropriate.

Of the following, which is true about multiple assessments of student learning? Different assessment types access different skills and learning styles, Students must be re-tested often or they forget what they learned, Summative assessments following instruction are typically sufficient, Summative assessments enable adjusting instruction as it continues

Different assessment types access different skills and learning styles

Which of the following is true regarding how teacher evaluation standards should be designed? Teacher evaluations should reference clear instructional standards to prioritize student learning.

Teacher evaluations should reference clear instructional standards to prioritize student learning.

According to experts, which of the following is the most important factor in how school leaders evaluate their teachers? Options: Being motivated to evaluate teachers. Making time for regular observations Making time for longer observations Making evaluations discrete events.

Making time for regular observations

An assistant principal analyzes student performance data for the grading period and notices that a class of students consistently performs well in Reading and has not demonstrated growth. What might this data suggest?

The students may need more rigorous instruction

Which of the following activities would not be evidence that all students are being prepared for and have access to a challenging curriculum? Options: Students who were enrolled in pre-advanced placement courses in middle school are automatically enrolled in advanced placement courses in high school., The school leader regularly monitors student performance data on tests and in classes to determine alignment of campus-based assessment to standardized assessment., All students are administered college entrance exams on the school campus at no cost to the student., Students who have a history of meeting satisfactory performance standards on standardized tests are offered enrichment courses to help them reach mastery performance levels.

Students who were enrolled in pre-advanced placement courses in middle school are automatically enrolled in advanced placement courses in high school.

What step should the leadership team take next after students showed little to no growth in math performance using a new software program? Options: Abandon the program because it is not effective. Develop a plan for monitoring the math program at shorter intervals to determine its efficacy. Reduce the number of students using the math program. Increase the amount of time that students use the program.

Develop a plan for monitoring the math program at shorter intervals to determine its efficacy.

Which statement is true with respect to segregated educational services for individual student needs and integrated comprehensive educational services? Options: Students benefit more from specific educator expertise through segregated than integrated services. A principle of service integration is student centeredness, that is, targeting the student as a failure source. Educators should design their curriculum and instruction beginning with appropriate differentiation. Educators should develop curriculum for average students and then adapt it for individual students.

Educators should design their curriculum and instruction beginning with appropriate differentiation.

How can a school leader evaluate and improve the school curriculum for cultural and racial equity?

Include multicultural education within the school curriculum goals.

Which statement is MOST accurate concerning how school leaders can ensure that faculty instructional practices treat minority students equitably? Options: Leaders can best get teachers to model appreciation of diversity for students by talking about it. If teaching practices conflict with student cultures, leaders instruct teachers to be aware of this. Having all teachers know a few words or phrases in each student’s L1 is simply token lip service. Leaders should make sure that all staff members learn to pronounce students’ names correctly.

Leaders should make sure that all staff members learn to pronounce students’ names correctly.

Which of the following MOST accurately represents expert recommendations for school leaders to promote educational equity by influencing curriculum interpretation? - Allowing harassed students to establish support networks - Communicating with staff periodically about equity beliefs - Clarifying misconceptions about equity, like deficit theories - Talking about diversity issues regardless of staff discomfort

Clarifying misconceptions about equity, like deficit theories

Researchers have identified which of the following practices that successful education leaders recommend to advocate for educational excellence and equity? Options: they develop equity skills that spread through the learning community., They study system inequities to discover solutions to the problems., They study equitable leadership to discover their parts in the problems., They advise others to develop collaborative approaches across systems.

They advise others to develop collaborative approaches across systems.

Which of the following informs how school leaders can incorporate diverse family and community aspirations and expectations into their educational decision-making and planning? Options: Family aspirations for children vary markedly by culture., Ethnicity strongly influences family academic aspiration, Income affects family expectations more than race does., Studies find high family aspirations across demographics.

Studies find high family aspirations across demographics

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The principal should advise the teachers to take which step first toward instructional improvements after bringing writing samples from their students to the meeting?

Back

Review all of the writing samples and identify and group student needs.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Following the initial meeting, the new principal conducts observations of each fourth-grade teacher’s classroom instruction. What should the principal mainly focus on in terms of improving students’ state standardized ELA test scores?

Back

Whether teachers are implementing their lesson plans as written in classroom activities.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

To assess and monitor progress toward school goals, which type(s) of assessment would be MOST indicated for measuring student analytical and critical thinking and communication skills? Options: Performance assessments, journals; Standardized tests of achievement; Extended student group projects; Teacher’s observations of students

Back

Performance assessments, journals

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following applies to both horizontal and vertical curriculum alignment? Teaching the same content across all classrooms on the same grade levels, Teaching content aligned with state or district assessments and standards, Teaching to minimize achievement gaps through standardizing education, Teaching across successive grade levels including preparatory scaffolding

Back

Teaching to minimize achievement gaps through standardizing education

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

School leaders should regularly review and analyze teachers’ learning objectives, assessments, progress, and achievement data collection and use their analyses to determine which of the following? How well these elements align with one another within and across grade levels and curriculum, How well these elements align with state or national standards rather than with one another, How well these elements align with one another within grade levels rather than across levels, How well these elements align with one another across grade levels instead of the curriculum

Back

How well these elements align with one another within and across grade levels and curriculum

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following practices by school leaders most effectively improves teacher practice and student learning? Reviewing student performance data and sharing aggregated results with teachers. Administering self-assessment surveys to teachers. Conducting regular classroom observations and providing timely feedback. Offering educational resources to teachers related to their identified areas of weakness.

Back

Conducting regular classroom observations and providing timely feedback.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The Dean of Instruction observed a 7th grade math teacher not following the curriculum. The teacher stated that the students were not ready for the standards and chose to review 6th grade standards instead. What should the dean respond?

Back

Direct the math teacher to teach the standards outlined in the curriculum.

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