Box plots, dot plots and Histograms

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What is a box plot?

Back

A box plot is a graphical representation of a dataset that displays the median, quartiles, and potential outliers. It shows the distribution of data based on a five-number summary: minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum.

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What does a dot plot represent?

Back

A dot plot is a simple graphical display that uses dots to represent individual data points. Each dot corresponds to one observation, making it easy to see the frequency of values in a dataset.

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What is a histogram?

Back

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, where the data is divided into bins (intervals) and the frequency of data points in each bin is represented by the height of bars.

Front

What is the median in a dataset?

Back

The median is the middle value of a dataset when it is ordered from least to greatest. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle values.

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What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

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The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1). It represents the range of the middle 50% of the data.

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What is the upper quartile?

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The upper quartile (Q3) is the median of the upper half of a dataset. It marks the 75th percentile, meaning 75% of the data points fall below this value.

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What is the lower quartile?

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The lower quartile (Q1) is the median of the lower half of a dataset. It marks the 25th percentile, meaning 25% of the data points fall below this value.

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How do you find the range of a dataset?

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The range is found by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value in the dataset. It gives a measure of how spread out the values are.

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What is a potential outlier in a box plot?

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A potential outlier is a data point that lies significantly outside the range of the other data points, often defined as being more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR) above Q3 or below Q1.

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What does the height of bars in a histogram represent?

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The height of the bars in a histogram represents the frequency of data points within each bin or interval. Taller bars indicate more data points in that range.