DNA & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA.

Front

What is the process of translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize the corresponding protein by linking amino acids together.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins, each coded for by specific codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript that is translated by a ribosome; it is usually AUG, which codes for Methionine.

Front

What is the significance of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, facilitating the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

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What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.