Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) transcribes the genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is rRNA and its role in protein synthesis?

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

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What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can affect how genes function and can lead to variations in traits.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A type of mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

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What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?

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23, which is half the diploid number of 46.

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What is the significance of the sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA?

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The sequence of nitrogen bases determines the genetic code and the information carried by the DNA molecule.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added into the DNA sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence.