Protein Synthesis Review

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

Where does translation occur?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is decoded to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.