Baroque Music Period

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Polyphonic Textures

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Two or more melodic lines heard at the same time. Imitation and Counterpoint are also Polyphonic textures.

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Basso Continuo

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The combination of Harpsichord and 'cello, or organ, bassoon, bass lute used to fill in the mid-range harmonies.

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Oratorio

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a large scale setting of a religious text. An opera without costumes, staging performed during the religious seasons of Advent and Lent

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A Cadenza in a solo concerto

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Introduced towards the end of a movement, allowing the soloist to showcase his/her skill. It was also used to show off new instrument developments like Trumpet valves, Clarinets etc

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Romantic Period 1810-1900: Features of the Style - Harmony

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Becomes more discordant and chromatic.

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Romantic Period 1810-1900: Features of the Style - Expression

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Rubato and expressive playing indications. Berlioz specifies exactly what he expects from each instrument.

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Chorus

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A movement from an oratorio scored for a standard four-part choir with orchestral accompaniment.

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First performance of Messiah

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Took place in Dublin in 1742

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Handel's choral movement text setting

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Each musical idea is associated with a particular line of text.

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An example of a melisma

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Extended phrase on one vowel e.g "Born." from 'For unto us a child is born'