AP Psychology Unit 4: Learning Exam

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The process described in this scenario is known as

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shaping

Front

In classical conditioning terms, what are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the scenario of four-year-old Scott feeling anxious about visiting his grandmother's house after falling down the stairs?

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Grandmother's house; falling

Front

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

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a cognitive map

Front

Ahmet is allergic to dogs. While in the toy store he sees a stuffed toy dog and has an allergic reaction. Ahmet's reaction to the toy best demonstrates the process of

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generalization

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Andi's best friend always screamed when she was in high places, and now Andi also screams when she is in high places. Which theorist would say that Andi screams because she saw her friend scream?

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Albert Bandura

Front

With respect to Barney's misbehavior, Ms. Skinner's attention serves as

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positive reinforcement

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Which of the following best reflects contemporary interpretations of classical conditioning? They remain relatively unchanged from earlier interpretations by people like E. L. Thorndike., They are primarily based on the theory of contiguity., They take into account cognitive processes like expectancy., They are in agreement with the interpretations of behaviorists like B. F. Skinner., They make a clear distinction between long-term and short-term memory.

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They take into account cognitive processes like expectancy.

Front

A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments. After a few treatments, the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room. The treatment room has become

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a conditioned stimulus

Front

Although people can acquire phobias to almost any object or situation, certain phobias (e.g., those to snakes, spiders, heights) are much more common than others. This finding can best be explained by which of the following concepts? Options: Biological preparedness, Spontaneous recovery, Stimulus discrimination, Stimulus generalization, Observational learning

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Biological preparedness

Front

When a child behaves well for an entire day, the child earns a star. After acquiring fifteen stars, the child is allowed to pick a prize from a toy chest. The star is best described as

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a secondary reinforcer