Glycolysis & Kreb Cycle APB

Front

What is glycolysis?

Back

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Front

What is the main product of glycolysis?

Back

The main products of glycolysis are 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADH.

Front

What is the citric acid cycle?

Back

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Front

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Back

The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What role does NAD+ play in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Back

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to form NADH, which is then used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.

Front

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is produced using the energy released from the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain, coupled with the reduction of oxygen to form water.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP (up to 36-38 ATP per glucose), while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP (2 ATP per glucose) through processes like fermentation.

Front

What is allosteric regulation?

Back

Allosteric regulation is a process by which an enzyme's activity is modified by the binding of an effector molecule at a site other than the active site, leading to a change in the enzyme's shape and function.

Front

What is competitive inhibition?

Back

Competitive inhibition occurs when a substance mimics the structure of a substrate and competes for binding at the active site of an enzyme, thereby reducing the enzyme's activity.

Front

What is a reducing agent in a redox reaction?

Back

A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction, causing another substance to be reduced while itself being oxidized.