Neuroglia (Glial) Cells

Front

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back

Oligodendrocytes wrap around the axons of neurons in the CNS, producing the myelin sheath that insulates axons and enhances the speed of electrical impulses.

Front

What role do astrocytes play in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back

Astrocytes anchor neurons to capillaries, providing structural support and regulating the chemical environment around neurons.

Front

What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Back

Schwann cells wrap around the axons of neurons in the PNS, producing the myelin sheath that insulates axons and facilitates faster signal transmission.

Front

Define interneurons and their location in the nervous system.

Back

Interneurons are a type of bipolar neuron located only in the brain and spinal cord that pass impulses from one neuron to another.

Front

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Back

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Front

What is myelin and why is it important for neuronal function?

Back

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a sheath around the axons of neurons, which increases the speed of electrical signal transmission and protects the axon.

Front

How do oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differ in their function?

Back

Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS and can myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells are found in the PNS and typically myelinate a single axon.

Front

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier, and which glial cells are involved in its formation?

Back

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood and is formed by astrocytes that regulate the passage of materials.

Front

What is the role of microglia in the nervous system?

Back

Microglia act as the immune cells of the CNS, responding to injury and disease by removing debris and dead cells.

Front

What are the main types of glial cells in the central nervous system?

Back

The main types of glial cells in the CNS include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.