Pre Columbian Civilizations

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(1450-1572 CE), Largest Empire ever built in South America; territory extended 2,500 miles from north to south and embraced almost all of modern Peru connected by roads

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Inca

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Aztec capital city (now the site of Mexico City)

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Tenochitlan

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Aztec floating gardens that provided food for Tenochtitlan

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chinampas

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cutting of "steps" into the mountains that allowed for more agriculture for the mountainous Incan Empire

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terrace farming

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independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler

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tributary state

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The capital city of the Inca Empire, Located in present-day Peru

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Cuzco

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An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.

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quipu

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In Incan society, a small community or family group whose members worked together for the common good of the peoples.

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ayllu

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Abandoned city high in the Andes mountains that showcases the architectural genius of the Inca

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Machu Picchu

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created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.

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Aztecs