Mitosis and Cell Cycle

Front

What is the function of a centromere in a chromosome?

Back

The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Front

Describe the process that occurs during anaphase of mitosis.

Back

During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Front

What is a chromosome and what is its role in cell division?

Back

A chromosome is a structure made of DNA and protein that carries genetic information. During cell division, chromosomes ensure that DNA is accurately replicated and distributed to daughter cells.

Front

What are chromatids and how do they relate to chromosomes?

Back

Chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, joined together at the centromere. They are separated during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Front

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

Back

The main phases of the cell cycle are Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), followed by Cytokinesis.

Front

What occurs during the S phase of Interphase?

Back

During the S phase (Synthesis phase), DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.

Front

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back

Spindle fibers are responsible for separating the sister chromatids and pulling them toward opposite poles of the cell during mitosis.

Front

Define cytokinesis and explain its significance in the cell cycle.

Back

Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis, where the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell has the necessary organelles and cytoplasmic components.

Front

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Back

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form.

Front

Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Back

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes.