Biology EOC Final Review #2

Front

What are the main structural differences between DNA and RNA?

Back

1. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. 2. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA contains ribose sugar. 3. DNA uses thymine (T) as a base, while RNA uses uracil (U) instead.

Front

Which blood types can produce a child with blood type O (ii)?

Back

Blood types A (iA iA or iA i) and B (iB iB or iB i) can produce a child with blood type O (ii). Blood type AB (iA iB) cannot produce a child with blood type O.

Front

What modern reptiles are birds closely related to?

Back

Birds are closely related to alligators and extinct dinosaurs.

Front

What is the process of copying double-stranded DNA into single-stranded mRNA called?

Back

The process is called transcription.

Front

If an individual expresses a trait that neither parent shows, what must be true about the parents' genotypes?

Back

Both parents must be heterozygous for that trait.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for translating genetic information into proteins during the process of translation.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the significance of the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

The base pairing rules (A with T and C with G) ensure accurate replication and transcription of genetic information.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into polypeptide chains.