Thermal Energy Concepts

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What is thermal energy?

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The total energy of all particles in a substance.

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What is the unit of thermal energy?

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Joule (J)

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Heat

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The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. "Hot chases cold."

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Temperature

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Measurement of the average KE of the particles in a substance. Tool: thermometer.

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Kelvin Scale

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The SI base unit of temperature (based on absolute zero). K = Celsius + 273.

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Absolute Zero

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Lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale. The particle’s KE is zero (theoretical). -273°C

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Conduction

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Energy transfer that occurs when molecules bump into each other; it takes place only when substances are in contact with each other.

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Convection

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A type of thermal energy transfer that occurs due to the motion of fluid in a liquid or gas, caused by differences in temperature.

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Radiation

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Also known as radiant energy; transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic waves.

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Insulation

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A substance or material that does not readily allow the passage of heat.