Unit 2 AP Biology Insta-Review (Cell Structure & Function)

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving down their concentration gradient.

Front

What type of prokaryote was engulfed first in the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Chemosynthetic prokaryote.

Front

What organelles are present in prokaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes.

Front

What is the nature of charged molecules (ions) in terms of solubility?

Back

Charged molecules (ions) are hydrophilic, meaning they are attracted to water.

Front

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

Back

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

How do hydrophilic substances interact with cell membranes?

Back

Hydrophilic substances can interact with the aqueous environment and may require transport proteins to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Front

What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.