DEBio 7 Cellular Resp flashcards

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acetyl CoA

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combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)

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aerobic respiration

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process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

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anaerobic

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process that does not use oxygen

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anaerobic cellular respiration

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process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

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ATP synthase

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membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it

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chemiosmosis

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process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

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citric acid cycle

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(also Krebs cycle) series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells for extraction of energy from carbohydrates

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dephosphorylation

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removal of a phosphate group from a molecule

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fermentation

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process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen

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GLUT protein

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integral membrane protein that transports glucose