Bio 7H, I Review

Front

What is the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts according to the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotic organisms.

Front

What type of cells are found in the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Protista, and Fungi?

Back

Eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What are the primary functions of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Efficient energy production through cellular respiration.

Front

What process do chloroplasts facilitate in plant cells?

Back

Photosynthesis.

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Back

The presence of ancient prokaryotes that are very similar to modern mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front

What is the significance of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Back

They allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, increasing efficiency.

Front

How do mitochondria contribute to cellular metabolism?

Back

They produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through oxidative phosphorylation.

Front

What is the role of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

Back

Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Front

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.