AP Bio Chapter 4 Review

Front

What is the endomembrane system?

Back

The endomembrane system is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. It includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the plasma membrane.

Front

Which organelle is not part of the endomembrane system?

Back

Chloroplast.

Front

Which eukaryotic organelle does not contain DNA?

Back

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is the function of microtubules?

Back

Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and provide structural support, facilitate intracellular transport, and are involved in cell division. They are not directly responsible for muscle contraction.

Front

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory propose?

Back

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotic cells, where one cell engulfed another.

Front

What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA, which supports the idea that they originated from free-living bacteria.

Front

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

Back

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's DNA and coordinating activities such as growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division.

Front

What are lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in the cell?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, which help regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.