18 AP Biology Unit 7 Evolution

Front

What type of selection occurs when a population experiences a shift in traits due to environmental pressures, resulting in one extreme phenotype being favored?

Back

Directional selection

Front

What are structures called that have different functions but share a common underlying anatomy, indicating a shared evolutionary history?

Back

Homologous structures

Front

What is the term for the process by which a population's genetic makeup changes over time, often due to factors like natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift?

Back

Evolution

Front

What is the expected frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population if 17% of the population exhibits a recessive trait?

Back

0.35

Front

What type of evolutionary tree illustrates the relationships among various species based on shared characteristics and common ancestry?

Back

Cladogram

Front

What is the term for the genetic variation that occurs within a population, which is essential for natural selection to act upon?

Back

Genetic diversity

Front

What is the significance of a common ancestor in evolutionary biology?

Back

It indicates the shared evolutionary history of different species.

Front

What is the term for the process by which new species arise from existing species, often due to isolation and divergent evolution?

Back

Speciation

Front

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Back

Homologous structures share a common ancestry, while analogous structures have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.

Front

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle and what does it describe?

Back

It describes the genetic equilibrium in a population, where allele frequencies remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences.