Psychology Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Front

shaping

Back

technique in which the desired behavior is 'molded' by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward

Front

response chain

Back

learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next

Front

aversive control

Back

process of influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli

Front

negative reinforcement

Back

increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs

Front

avoidance conditioning

Back

training of an organism to respond so as to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant stimulus

Front

cognitive learning

Back

form of altering behavior that involves mental processes and may result from observation or imitation

Front

escape conditioning

Back

training of an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus

Front

latent learning

Back

alteration of a behavioral tendency that is not demonstrated by an immediate, observable change in behavior

Front

modeling

Back

learning by imitating others; copying behavior

Front

token economy

Back

conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards