Rise of Islam

Front

Describe the battles between Mecca and Medina.

Back

As the Muslim community in Medina grew, the Meccans felt threatened and attacked them. In 624, the Muslims defeated the Meccans in battle, and a few years later, they repelled a Meccan siege. Eventually, the Meccans agreed to a truce.

Front

In what year did Muhammad conquer Mecca, and was it a difficult battle?

Back

Around 630, when the Meccans broke the truce, Muhammad’s army marched on Mecca, and the city’s leaders surrendered without a battle.

Front

What changes did Muhammad make to the Ka'bah?

Back

He destroyed the idols and rededicated the Ka'bah to one God.

Front

Who was the first Caliph, and how was he related to Muhammad?

Back

Abu Bakr, Muhammad's friend and father-in-law.

Front

What is a Caliph and what is a caliphate?

Back

A Caliph is a Muslim ruler who is supposed to follow the Qur’an and the example of Muhammad. The Muslim government led by the caliphs is called the caliphate.

Front

How did Abu Bakr unify Arabia?

Back

Abu Bakr used military force to reunite the community.

Front

What did Abu Bakr and his men teach the people they conquered?

Back

The teachings of Islam

Front

Who ruled after Abu Bakr?

Back

Caliph Umar

Front

How far did Caliph Umar expand the Muslim Empire?

Back

The Muslim Empire included land in Iraq, Persia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and North Africa.

Front

How did the Caliph finance the Empire?

Back

Umar established governments and tax systems in all these provinces.