Chemical Bonding

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Polar Covalent Bonds

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A type of chemical bond between two non-metals where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.

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Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

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A type of chemical bond between two non-metals where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other equally.

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Ionic Bonds

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A type of chemical bond between a metal and non-metal where one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions that attract each other.

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Diatomic Molecules

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Molecules composed of only two atoms (N2, F2, I2, Cl2, Br2)

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Chemical Properties

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Characteristics of a substance that become evident during a chemical reaction; they include reactivity with other chemicals, flammability, and acidity.

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Physical Properties

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Characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity; they include color, density, and melting point.

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Crystalline Structures

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A unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal, characterized by a repeating pattern in three dimensions.

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Allotropes

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Different forms of the same element, where the atoms are bonded together in different ways. Ex. carbon in the form of a diamond and carbon in the form of graphite.