Energy & Enzymes!

Do you remember your Functional Groups?

Groups:

(a) Aldehyde

,

(b) Amino

,

(c) Keto

,

(d) Carboxyl

• 
• 
• 
• 

Match each to its proper category

Groups:

(a) Metabolism

,

(b) Anabolism

,

(c) Catabolism

• 
• 
• totality of an organism’s chemical processes

• energy (E) released

• building

• aerobic cellular respiration

• 
• managing material & energy resources of the cell

• energy (E) used

• degradative

• photosynthesis

Match each to its Energy form

Groups:

(a) Potential Energy

,

(b) Kinetic Energy

• translational
• stored

• thermal
• electromagnetic
• thermal
• wave
• vibrational
• sound
• motion

• nuclear
• chemical
• rotational
• hydraulic
• gravitational
• magnetic
• elastic

Laws of Thermodynamics

Groups:

(a) 1st Law

,

(b) 2nd Law

• the efficiency of a heat engine is always less than 100%
• the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease
• the first law of thermodynamics

• energy transformations are not 100% efficient
• energy transformations do not create or eliminate energy

• the principle of conservation of energy

• the entropy of the universe tends to increase
• in any energy transfer, there will always be some energy that is lost as heat
• in a closed system, energy is conserved

• the second law of thermodynamics states that natural processes tend to move towards a state of disorder
• work done on a system results in a change in energy

• energy can change forms but the total amount remains the same

• it is impossible to convert all the energy in a system into work
• energy cannot be created or destroyed

• heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body
• the total energy of an isolated system remains constant

Match each portion of the Gibbs Free Energy equation to its descriptions
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Groups:

(a) ΔG

,

(b) ΔH

,

(c) ΔS

,

(d) T

• Enthalpy

• Used to predict equilibrium position

• Heat content of a system

• Positive value indicates a nonspontaneous reaction

• Positive ΔS indicates an increase in disorder

• Entropy increases in spontaneous processes

• Kelvin

• Entropy

• Negative value indicates a spontaneous reaction

• Measure of disorder or randomness in a system

• Measured at constant pressure

• portion of system’s E that can perform work (at a constant T)

• C + 273

• Gibbs free energy change during a reaction

• H(products) - H(reactants)

• Third law of thermodynamics states that entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero

Answer explanation

Match the descriptions/images to their reaction type

Groups:

(a) Endergonic

,

(b) Exergonic

• potential energy decreases

• 
• breaking down complex molecules

• energy input required

• energy output

• energy absorbed/stored

• spontaneous reactions

• catabolic

• anabolic

• potential energy increases

• non-spontaneous reactions

• photosynthesis

• building complex molecules

• 
• cellular respiration

• energy released

Summarize what you now know about metabolic pathways, energy, entropy, and enzymes.
How are all of these concepts connected?