Intro to Cladograms

What is a distinguishing characteristic of a bee fly compared to a honeybee?

• Bee flies have four wings, while honeybees have two.

• Bee flies have a stinger, while honeybees do not.

• Bee flies have two wings, while honeybees have four.

• Bee flies have stripes, while honeybees do not.

What does a cladogram represent?

• A diagram showing the exact timeline of evolutionary changes.

• A hypothesis of relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics.

• A classification system based solely on physical appearance.

• A chart that lists all known species in a particular phylum.

Based on the characteristics discussed, which animal is a chordate but lacks vertebrae?

• Frog

• Sea Bunny

• Lancelet

• Shark

In a cladogram, what does a node signify?

• The most recently evolved species.

• A common ancestor.

• A characteristic shared by all organisms on the diagram.

• The point where an organism loses a characteristic.

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What is the purpose of an outgroup in a cladogram?

• It is the most evolved organism in the group.

• It shares all the listed characteristics with the ingroup.

• It is less closely related to the ingroup organisms than they are to each other.

• It represents the common ancestor of all organisms in the cladogram.

What does a shared derived character indicate in a cladogram?

• It is found in all organisms in the cladogram.

• It evolved in a common ancestor shared by a subset of organisms.

• It is a trait that has been lost over time.

• It represents a convergent evolutionary event.

Which of the following is a common misconception about cladograms?

• They show different levels of evolution, implying some organisms are "higher" than others.

• They represent hypotheses based on shared characters.

• They can be rearranged without changing evolutionary relationships.

• They help visualize possible evolutionary relationships.

What is a key difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?

• Phylogenetic trees always show circular branching patterns.

• Cladograms always include molecular evidence like DNA.

• Phylogenetic trees often include more detail, such as branch lengths reflecting time or more extensive data.

• Cladograms are used for animals, while phylogenetic trees are used for plants.