Operant conditioning

What is the Law of Effect?

• Behaviors followed by favorable consequences are more likely to occur, while those followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely.

• Behaviors are learned through the association of a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus.

• Behaviors are primarily driven by unconscious desires and conflicts.

• Behaviors are acquired by observing and imitating others.

What is the process of shaping in operant conditioning?

• Associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

• Reinforcing smaller, successive behaviors to achieve a desired end goal behavior.

• Removing an undesirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

• Presenting an undesirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

A teacher tells her class that if they behave well and use their class time wisely, she will remove a pop quiz from their schedule. This is an example of what?

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

• A dog receives a treat every time it sits on command.

• A student receives a free pizza after earning 10 good behavior points.

• A gambler wins money after an unpredictable number of slot machine pulls.

• A person gets paid every two weeks, regardless of the amount of work completed.

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Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a response after a specific, consistent amount of time has passed?

• Variable Ratio

• Fixed Ratio

• Fixed Interval

• Variable Interval

A gambler continues to play a slot machine, unsure of when the next win will occur. This behavior is maintained by which type of reinforcement schedule?

• Fixed Interval

• Fixed Ratio

• Variable Interval

• Variable Ratio

A student talks out of turn in class and is immediately given an additional homework assignment. This is an example of what type of operant conditioning?

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

A child misbehaves during dinner and, as a result, has their dessert taken away. This is an example of what type of operant conditioning?

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment