The Enlightenment: Crash Coure

What was a significant event that occurred in Lisbon, Portugal, on All Saints' Day in 1755?

• A massive fire that destroyed the city's port.

• A devastating earthquake and tsunami.

• A major political uprising against the monarchy.

• A widespread plague that decimated the population.

What was the core belief of the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Light?

• That traditional ideas should be preserved at all costs.

• That all knowledge comes from divine revelation.

• That old ideas needed to be exposed to rational investigation.

• That scientific theories were inherently superior to all other forms of thought.

Which of the following commodities became increasingly common in the everyday lives of Europeans during the Enlightenment era?

• Silk, spices, and precious metals.

• Wheat, barley, and oats.

• Coffee, tea, and chocolate.

• Wool, linen, and cotton.

What was the primary purpose of Montesquieu's "The Persian Letters"?

• To praise the advanced customs of European society.

• To provide a detailed historical account of Persia.

• To satirize European society through the eyes of foreign visitors.

• To advocate for the complete adoption of Eastern traditions in Europe.

What event influenced Voltaire's belief that the world was not the "best of all possible worlds," as expressed in his novel "Candide"?

• The French Revolution

• The Lisbon earthquake

• The Seven Years' War

• The American Revolution

What type of education did Jean-Jacques Rousseau advocate for in his novel "Emile"?

• Formal education focused on religious and classical texts.

• Practical education in skills like carpentry and gardening.

• Education primarily for the wealthy and titled.

• Learning through strict adherence to monarchical decrees.

What was a key characteristic of the Enlightenment salons hosted by wealthy women in Europe?

• They were exclusive gatherings for monarchs and priests.

• They focused solely on religious debates and scripture readings.

• They served as forums for discussing new ideas, books, and meeting philosophers.

• They were primarily places for women to learn traditional domestic skills.

What was the primary goal of Denis Diderot's "Encyclopédie"?

• To promote traditional religious dogma and monarchical rule.

• To provide a comprehensive collection of knowledge, including discussions on natural rights and technical drawings.

• To serve as a fashion guide for the European elite.

• To document the lives and customs of artisans and watchmakers.

Which individual's memoir, published in 1788, described the horrors of the Middle Passage and advocated for freedom and human rights?

• Guillaume Raynal

• Olaudah Equiano

• Adam Smith

• Moses Mendelssohn

What economic theory did Adam Smith challenge, which posited that global wealth was static and states could only increase their wealth by taking from others?

• Laissez-faire

• Free trade

• Mercantilism

• Individualism