F.5 Formation of petroleum & natural gas

What substance is formed when marine organisms settle on the ocean floor, are covered by sediments, and decompose in the absence of oxygen?

• Petroleum

• Natural Gas

• Kerogen

• Coal

What two conditions are necessary for kerogen to gradually transform into oil or gas?

• Sunlight and water

• Wind and erosion

• Heat and pressure

• Freezing temperatures and vacuum

What two elements primarily make up oil and gas at the molecular level?

• Oxygen and Nitrogen

• Hydrogen and Carbon

• Sulfur and Iron

• Silicon and Oxygen

What geological features can trap oil and gas beneath the Earth's surface, preventing them from seeping out?

• Rivers and lakes

• Impermeable layers and rock structures

• Volcanic vents and lava flows

• Glaciers and ice sheets