Chemical Reactions in Biology

What is a fundamental requirement for both microscopic cells and large cities to function?

• Advanced communication networks

• Efficient transportation systems

• A constant supply of energy

• Complex social structures

In scientific terms, how is energy defined?

• The force that causes objects to accelerate.

• The ability to cause change in the form of work.

• The total amount of heat in a system.

• The capacity to generate light or electricity.

Which process allows plants to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars for food?

• Respiration

• Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

• Transpiration

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to energy in the universe?

• It can be created and destroyed, but only in extreme conditions.

• It is constantly increasing in total amount.

• It cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

• It eventually dissipates completely into nothingness.

Which of the following best describes ATP?

• A type of food for cells

• A rechargeable battery for cells

• A waste product in cells

• A form of light in cells

What happens to ATP when it reacts with water?

• It transforms into glucose

• It releases energy

• It becomes a solid

• It absorbs energy

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about disorder in the universe?

• Disorder is always decreasing.

• Disorder remains constant.

• Disorder is always increasing.

• Disorder only increases in closed systems.

Which type of chemical reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings?

• Exergonic reaction

• Endergonic reaction

• Catalytic reaction

• Spontaneous reaction

How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?

• They permanently alter the reactants.

• They increase the activation energy required for the reaction.

• They lower the activation energy, speeding up the reaction.

• They are consumed during the reaction and cannot be reused.

What is a metabolic pathway?

• A single reaction

• A type of energy

• A series of chemical reactions

• A food source