Early Islamic History and Leadership

What was a key achievement of Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE?

• He established a vast empire stretching from Spain to India.

• He united the people of the Arabian Peninsula through the formation of Islam.

• He overthrew the powerful Persian and Byzantine Empires.

• He built the city of Baghdad as a new capital.

Who became the first Caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad?

• Ali

• Umar

• Abu Bakr

• Uthman

Which city became the capital of the Umayyad Dynasty after they came to power?

• Medina

• Baghdad

• Damascus

• Mecca

What was a major reason for the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, even after they established Baghdad as their new capital?

• The Caliphs were too focused on religious duties and neglected governance.

• There was no clear system for choosing the next Caliph, leading to internal conflicts and corruption.

• They failed to establish trade networks, leading to economic hardship.

• They were constantly at war with the Byzantine Empire, which drained their resources.