Lochner v. New York: A Supreme Court Case Study

What was the main reason Joseph Lochner was fined by New York authorities?

• For not paying his employees

• For allowing his employees to work more than 60 hours a week

• For selling bread without a permit

• For not having a business license

How did Lochner's initial defense lawyer, William Mackie, argue against the Bakeshop Act?

• By claiming it violated the right to free speech

• By arguing it interfered with the right to pursue a lawful profession

• By stating it was a form of racial discrimination

• By suggesting it was outdated and irrelevant

What was unique about Henry Weismann, Lochner's lawyer for the Supreme Court appeal?

• He was a politician

• He had never passed the bar exam

• He was a former judge

• He was a famous baker

What constitutional protection did Weismann argue the Bakeshop Act violated?

• Right to privacy

• Freedom of speech

• Right to bear arms

• Liberty of contract

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision on the Bakeshop Act?

• The case was dismissed without a decision

• The Act was sent back to the lower courts for review

• The Act was deemed unconstitutional

• The Act was upheld as constitutional

Which Justice wrote a famous dissent criticizing the majority's decision in Lochner v. New York?

• Justice John Marshall Harlan

• Justice Rufus Peckham

• Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

• Justice Edward White

What was the main criticism of the Supreme Court's decision in Lochner v. New York?

• It was too lenient on labor laws

• It favored government regulation over individual freedom

• It favored employers over employees

• It ignored the economic realities of the time

What era is named after the Lochner v. New York case due to its impact on labor laws?

• The Progressive Era

• The Industrial Era

• The Lochner Era

• The New Deal Era

During which period did the Lochner Era overlap, highlighting a conflict between reformers and the Court's decisions?

• The Civil Rights Era

• The Gilded Age

• The Progressive Era

• The Reconstruction Era

What was the broader impact of the Lochner v. New York decision on future labor laws?

• It resulted in fewer labor protections

• It led to more government regulation

• It strengthened labor unions

• It had no significant impact