The Crusades: A Historical Overview

What was the primary goal of the Crusades led by the Latin Catholic Church?

• To establish trade routes with Asia

• To expand the Byzantine Empire

• To secure control of holy sites, especially Jerusalem

• To convert pagans in Transylvania

Who were the Seljuk Turks?

• A Christian sect from Western Europe

• Nomadic tribes from Russia and Central Asia that converted to Islam

• A dynasty that ruled over the Byzantine Empire

• A group of Jewish settlers in Jerusalem

What event prompted Pope Urban II to call for the First Crusade?

• The Byzantine request for aid against the Seljuks

• The capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid dynasty

• The defeat of the Fatimids by the Seljuks

• The fall of Constantinople

Which Crusade was led by Richard I of England?

• The Fourth Crusade

• The Third Crusade

• The Second Crusade

• The First Crusade

What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?

• The Crusaders converted pagans in Transylvania

• The Crusaders established a new Latin empire

• The Crusaders made peace with Saladin

• The Crusaders recaptured Jerusalem

What was a significant result of the Fourth Crusade?

• The establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty

• The recapture of Jerusalem

• The sacking of Constantinople

• The conversion of the Seljuk Turks

Which Crusade involved peaceful negotiations for control of Jerusalem?

• The Eighth Crusade

• The First Crusade

• The Second Crusade

• The Sixth Crusade

What was a major reason for the decline in Crusader morale by the final Crusade?

• The rise of the Ottoman Empire

• The successful defense of Jerusalem by the Muslims

• The fall of Constantinople

• A series of failed expeditions

What was one of the lasting impacts of the Crusades on Europe?

• The conversion of the Byzantine Empire to Catholicism

• The opening of new trade routes

• The establishment of a permanent Christian presence in the Middle East

• The unification of the Islamic world

What marked the end of the Crusader presence in the East?

• The signing of a peace treaty with Saladin

• The establishment of the Latin Empire

• The fall of Acre to the Muslim Mamluks

• The fall of Constantinople