6.6 - Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

Organize the following into the correct cellular category

Groups:

(a) Eukaryote

,

(b) Prokaryote

,

(c) Both

• compartamentalization

• many chromosomes

• no organelles

• trillions of cells

• Ribosomes

• membrane bound organelles

• unicellular

• DNA

• nucleus

• multicellular

• specialized cells

• 1 chromosome

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• thousands ofgenes

Which of the following best describes cell specialization?

• Cell specialization is the process by which cells with identical DNA develop into distinct types with specific functions unique to the cell's niche.

• Cell specialization is when all cells perform the same function.
• Cell specialization refers to the random function of cells.
• Cell specialization is the process of cell division.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Histones

,

(b) Methylation

,

(c) Acetylation

• condense DNA into chromosomes

• allows transcription

• binds DNA tightly so transcription cannot occur

• proteins used to wrap DNA

• prevents transcription

• loosens DNA for transcription

• condensed chromatin

• acetyl group added to histone

• loose chromatin

• methyl group added to histone

Reversible chemical modifications to DNA

(select all that apply)

• UV Radiation

• acetlyation

• methylation

• methanogen exposure

Modifications of DNA packaging

• mutations

• replication

• histone wrapping

• enzymatic digestion

Organize the following to the correct category

Groups:

(a) Epigenetics

,

(b) Cell differentiation

,

(c) Gene Expression

• cells express the proteins specific to a specialized tissue

• cells develop a niche depending on chemical signals from surrounding cells

• proteins expressed based on the packaging of the DNA

• responsible for cellular differentitation

• reversible chemical modification of DNA

Differentiate gene regulation for prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Groups:

(a) Prokaryotes

,

(b) Eukaryotes

,

(c) Both

• transcription factors

• single DNA sequence

• promoter

• operator

• DNA sequences

• operon

• mediator protein

• bending protein

• activator protein

• multiple DNA sequences

• regulatory protein

• RNA polymerase

How can gene expression be choordinated into different body tissues?

• Gene expression is solely determined by DNA sequence.
• All tissues express the same genes equally.
• Gene expression is only influenced by environmental factors.
• Common regulatory sequences that share the same receptors, but are found in different types of cells, express different proteins.

Organize the descriptions to the correct mRNA structure

Groups:

(a) Intron

,

(b) Exon

,

(c) 5' GTP Cap

,

(d) 3' Poly-A Tail

• interveining

• transcripted into pre-RNA

• makes RNA more stable

• snipped out from final mRNA transcript

• expressed in protein

• delays enzymatic breakdown in the cytoplasm

• protects mRNA from enzyme digestion by assisting in leaving nucelus

• assists mRNA to bind to ribosomes

• can be organized

What best describes alternative splicing?

• Exons can be spliced together in alternative ways to produce multiple protien versions of the same RNA transcript

• A way to eliminate introns from mRNA.
• Introns can be spliced together in alternative ways to produce multiple protien versions of the same RNA transcript

• A process that only occurs in prokaryotic cells.