How the First Stars Transformed the Universe

After the Big Bang, the universe was too hot for atoms to form, consisting of particles. As it cooled, hydrogen and helium atoms formed, leading to the creation of the first stars. These stars, much larger and hotter than modern ones, played a crucial role in reionization, turning neutral hydrogen into ions. They also produced heavier elements through nuclear fusion, which were spread across the universe by supernovas. This process laid the foundation for the formation of modern stars, planets, and life. Understanding reionization helps scientists learn about the universe's evolution.

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