Protein Synthesis

What is the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and DNA?

• Genes are made of chromosomes, which contain DNA that codes for traits.
• DNA is a type of chromosome that holds genes responsible for traits.
• Chromosomes contain genes, which are made of proteins that determine traits.
• Chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genes that code for traits.

What structure in the cell contains the genome?

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Histone

Label the diagram.

a

b

c

d

Chromosome

nitrogenous bases

nucleus

DNA

Distinguish between DNA and RNA by organizing the terms under the correct label.

Groups:

(a) DNA

,

(b) RNA

• mRNA
• Ribose
• Adenine
• 
• 
• 
• Deoxyribose
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• 
• crucial role in protein synthesis by translating the genetic code into proteins. 

• tRNA
• Cytosine
• Stores genetic information.

• Double Helix

• Guanine
• Uracil
• Guanine
• Adenine

Using the image, organize the types of RNA into the right categories.

Groups:

(a) Messenger RNA (mRNA)

,

(b) Transfer RNA (tRNA)

,

(c) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, acting as a template for protein synthesis.

• Component of ribosome.

• Transports specific amino acids to the ribosome.

What happens during transcription?

• The mRNA is translated into DNA.
• The DNA is destroyed during the process.
• Proteins are synthesized directly from DNA.
• The DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

What is the process called where RNA polymerase makes a strand of messenger RNA from DNA?

• Synthesis

• Transcription

• Replication

• Translation

Where does the messenger RNA go after it is processed?

• Back to the DNA

• Into the cytoplasm

• Out of the cell

• To the ribosome

What do ribosomes do with the messenger RNA?

• They send it back to the nucleus

• They convert it into DNA

• They read it to make proteins

• They destroy it

What happens during translation?

• Translation involves the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
• Translation is the process of synthesizing (making) proteins from mRNA.

• Translation is the process of copying DNA into RNA.
• Translation occurs only in the nucleus of the cell.