The video explains how artificial satellites are launched and maintained in orbit around Earth. It begins with a discussion of their functions and introduces Newton's cannonball thought experiment as a precursor to understanding satellite orbits. The video details the process of launching satellites using rockets and the importance of achieving the right orbital velocity to balance gravity and speed. It also covers the challenges of orbital decay due to atmospheric drag, particularly in low Earth orbit, and the methods used to counteract these effects. Finally, it discusses the end-of-life options for satellites, including de-orbiting and moving to disposal orbits.

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