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Lithium, the lightest metal, is highly reactive and flammable. It was first isolated by electrolysis, with its discovery credited to Johanna Gustar Wedson. Lithium is crucial in rechargeable batteries due to its high charge-to-weight ratio, making it essential in modern electronics. Beyond batteries, lithium is used in ceramics and glass as a flux, and in lubricants for its thickening properties. Medically, lithium salts are used as mood stabilizers, particularly for bipolar disorder, with some side effects.

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