The video tutorial explains the concept of groups in the periodic table, highlighting that there are 18 groups, each with distinct properties. It provides examples of noble gases and alkali metals, describing their positions and characteristics. Noble gases, found in the last column, are stable due to a full outer electron shell, while alkali metals, in the first column, are highly reactive with one outer electron. The video also notes that the periodic table is color-coded to clearly show these groups.

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