Band Theory Breakdown Conduction in Various Substances

The video explains the differences in electrical conductivity among metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Metals like sodium have no energy gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing easy electron flow and high conductivity. Insulators have a large energy gap, preventing electron movement and resulting in no conductivity. Semiconductors have a small energy gap, allowing some electron movement at low temperatures and increased conductivity at higher temperatures. Examples include silicon and germanium for semiconductors, and diamond for insulators.

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