Energy and Matter in the Biosphere

This video tutorial introduces the concepts of energy and matter exchange in the biosphere, covering the components of the biosphere such as the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. It explains the flow of energy and cycling of matter, highlighting different system types: isolated, open, and closed. The tutorial emphasizes the role of solar energy, its absorption, reflection, and the concept of albedo, which affects how energy is used in processes like photosynthesis.

Which part of the biosphere is primarily composed of frozen water?

• Atmosphere

• Cryosphere

• Lithosphere

• Hydrosphere

What is the main difference between energy flow and matter cycling in the biosphere?

• Energy flows in a cycle, while matter flows linearly.

• Energy flows linearly, while matter cycles.

• Both energy and matter cycle.

• Both energy and matter flow linearly.

In an isolated system, what happens to energy and matter?

• Only energy enters and leaves.

• Only matter enters and leaves.

• Neither energy nor matter enters or leaves.

• Both energy and matter enter and leave.

What type of system is Earth considered in terms of energy and matter exchange?

• Isolated system

• Open system

• Closed system

• Dynamic system

What is the primary source of energy for the Earth?

• Wind energy

• Geothermal energy

• Nuclear energy

• Solar energy

How is most of the solar energy that reaches Earth eventually released?

• As light energy

• As chemical energy

• As heat energy

• As mechanical energy

What percentage of solar energy is typically captured by plants for photosynthesis?

• 5-10%

• 10-15%

• 20-25%

• 1-2%

What does a high albedo indicate about a surface's ability to reflect light?

• It emits more light.

• It reflects more light.

• It absorbs more light.

• It neither absorbs nor reflects light.

Which factor does NOT influence the albedo of a surface?

• Material of the surface

• Texture of the surface

• Color of the surface

• Temperature of the surface

Why is albedo important in biological processes?

• It determines the amount of light absorbed for photosynthesis.

• It affects the gravitational pull on Earth.

• It influences the Earth's magnetic field.

• It controls the Earth's rotation speed.