Types and Effects of Genetic Mutations

The video tutorial covers module 6 of the HSC biology syllabus, focusing on genetic change driven by mutations. It explains the types of mutations, including point mutations and chromosomal mutations, and their effects on DNA sequences. The importance of mutations in genetic variation and evolution is also discussed, highlighting their role in species adaptation.

What is the primary driver of genetic change?

• Genetic drift

• Gene flow

• Mutation

• Natural selection

Which type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide?

• Chromosomal mutation

• Point mutation

• Gene duplication

• Translocation

What is a missense mutation?

• A mutation that introduces a stop codon

• A mutation that deletes a nucleotide

• A mutation that results in a different amino acid

• A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence

Which mutation results in an early stop codon?

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

What is the effect of a silent mutation?

• It changes the amino acid sequence

• It introduces a stop codon

• It has no effect on the amino acid sequence

• It deletes a segment of DNA

Which type of chromosomal mutation involves flipping a DNA segment?

• Deletion

• Translocation

• Inversion

• Duplication

What happens during a translocation mutation?

• A segment of DNA is moved to another chromosome

• A segment of DNA is inverted

• A segment of DNA is deleted

• A segment of DNA is duplicated

What is a potential consequence of having three copies of chromosome 21?

• Klinefelter syndrome

• Turner syndrome

• Down syndrome

• Patau syndrome

Why is genetic variation important for a population?

• It eliminates genetic disorders

• It increases mutation rates

• It allows for evolution and adaptation

• It prevents mutations

How do mutations contribute to evolution?

• By reducing genetic diversity

• By creating new alleles

• By stabilizing existing genes

• By preventing natural selection